Italy: Facts & Stats

TRANSPORTATION

Roads:

Highways:

• total: 815,254 km (including 6,957 km of expressways - 1998 est.)

All highways in Italy are paved.

The Autostrada is the Italian national system of motorways. The total length of the system is about 6,400 km. In North and Central Italy this is mainly as tollways, with the biggest portion in concession to the Autostrade Group which operates some 3,408 km. Other operators include ASTM and ATP in the north-west, Serenissima and Autovie Venete in the north-east, SALT and Autocisa in the center, all under the control of the state-owned ANAS.

Italy was the first country in the world to start building motorways, i.e. fast roads reserved to motor vehicles. The "Milano-Laghi" motorway (connecting Milan to the lakes of Como and Varese) was in fact devised by Piero Puricelli, a civil engineer and entrepreneur, who received the first authorizations to build a "public utilty" fast road in 1921, and completed the construction (back then one lane per direction was enough) between 1924 and 1926. The motorways were touted by Mussolini as one of the great achievements of his regime and the proof of its commitment to progress and modernization, whereas the original idea was earlier. Lore has that the US government conceived an Interstate Highway System, to supplant the previous US roads network, when officials visited the Italian motorways in the late 1930s.

Italy's Autostrade have one of the highest speed limits in Europe, excluding the German Autobahns, the standard for cars being at 130 km/h (~80 mph). Limits for other vehicles are lower. There are legal provisions enabling the operators to set the limit to 150 km/h on their concessions on a voluntary basis, only if some conditions are met (no curves, three lanes in each direction, good weather, daylight).

Railroads:

• total: 19,394 km, also on Sardinia and Sicily.
• standard gauge: 18,071 km 1.435-m gauge; Italian Railways (FS) operates 16,014 km of the total standard gauge routes (11,322 km electrified)
• narrow gauge: 112 km 1.000-m gauge (112 km electrified); 1,211 km 0.950-m gauge (153 km electrified) (1998)

High Speed Trains:

(Lines)

• Turin-Milan (under construction, 2006)
• Milan-Verona-Venice (under development)
• Milan-Bologna-Florence-Rome-Naples (under construction and operating, 2006)
• Napoli-Sicily Bridge-Palermo (under development)
• Milan-Genoa (under development)
• Milan-Lyon(France) (Alps tunnel under development, 2012)

Cities with rapid transit underground railway systems:

• Rome 2 lines + 4 under construction (8 lines of commuter rails - FR Lines -; 3 lines of suburban rails -)
• Naples 2 line + 1 under construction (5 lines of commuter rails)
• Milan 3 lines + 2 under construction (8 lines of commuter rails - S Lines -; 5 lines of regional rail - FNM lines - )
• Genoa 1 line
• Catania 1 line
• Turin 1 line
• Brescia 1 line under construction
• Bologna 1 line under develop

Rail links with adjacent countries

Italy's main railroad passenger carrier, Trenitalia, operates trains linking Italy to France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia. Other companies, like Cisalpino (owned by Trenitalia and SBB), Rhatische Bahn and SNCF operate international links. Vatican City and San Marino aren't linked to Italy via railroad.

• Ventimiglia is the italian border station on the Genova-Nice main line.
• Limone Piemonte is the italian border station on the Cuneo-Nice secondary line.
• Bardonecchia is the italian border station on the Torino-Lyon main line (Frejus tunnel line).
• Iselle is the italian border station of the Milano-Bern/Geneva main line (Simplon tunnel line).
• Pino Tronzano is the italian border station of the Sesto Calende-Bellinzona secondary line.
• Chiasso is the italian/swiss border station of the Milano-Zurich main line (Gotthard tunnel line).
• Tirano is the terminus on the italian side of the Bernina line of the Rhatische Bahn.
• Brenner is the italian/austrian border station of the Verona-Innsbruck main line (Brenner line).
• Innichen (San Candido in Italian) is the italian border station of the Franzensfeste-Lienz secondary line.
• Tarvisio is the italian border station of the Venezia-Wien main line (Semmering line).
• Gorizia station serves as link to the Slovenian railways, through the station of Nova Gorica, which can be entered also directly by pedestrians from the italian side.
• Villa Opicina stations serves as link to the Slovenian railways, through the stations of Sezana and Repentabor.

Stations

Big Stations program (Station renovations), €400 million program, from ending 2005

• Milan Stazione Centrale
• Bari Centrale
• Bologna Centrale
• Florence SMN
• Genoa Brignole and Piazza Principe
• Naples Centrale
• Palermo Centrale
• Rome Termini Station
• Turin Porta Nuova
• Venice Mestre and Santa Lucia
• Verona Porta Nuova

Aviation:

Airports:

• 133 (2006)

Hubs:

• Malpensa International Airport (Milan)
• Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport (Rome)

Airports - with paved runways:

• total: 97
• over 3,047 m: 5: Malpensa International Airport (Milan/Varese), Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport (Rome), Verona Airport (Verona), Venice Marco Polo Airport (Venice), Palermo International Airport (Palermo)
• 2,438 to 3,047 m: 33
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16
• 914 to 1,523 m: 31
• under 914 m: 12 (1999 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

• total: 38
• 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
• 914 to 1,523 m: 19
• under 914 m: 18 (1999 est.)

Heliports:

• 5

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